NASA finds direct proof of dark matter by observing this cosmic collision.
The pink clumps (hot gas) are detected by Chandra X-rays and contains most of the normal and baryonic matter in the two clusters.The bullet-shaped clump on the right is the hot gas from one cluster, which passed through the hot gas from the other larger cluster during the collision. The galaxies are shown in orange and white in optical image. What are the blue clumps? What has caused this scene?
This animation helps you to understand more about the collision. Download it here. (2.92MB)
Explanation by Chandra X-ray Observatory:
The blue areas in this image show where astronomers find most of the mass in the clusters. The concentration of mass is determined using the effect of so-called gravitational lensing, where light from the distant objects is distorted by intervening matter. Most of the matter in the clusters (blue) is clearly separated from the normal matter (pink), giving direct evidence that nearly all of the matter in the clusters is dark.
The hot gas in each cluster was slowed by a drag force, similar to air resistance, during the collision. In contrast, the dark matter was not slowed by the impact because it does not interact directly with itself or the gas except through gravity. Therefore, during the collision the dark matter clumps from the two clusters moved ahead of the hot gas, producing the separation of the dark and normal matter seen in the image. If hot gas was the most massive component in the clusters, as proposed by alternative theories of gravity, such an effect would not be seen. Instead, this result shows that dark matter is required.
NASA mission managers announced at a midmorning briefing today that rollback preparations are proceeding, ensuring that Space Shuttle Atlantis would be safely back in the Vehicle Assembly Building before effects from Tropical Storm Ernesto would be felt at the Kennedy Space Center on Florida’s east coast.
The next launch date has not been set.
The Atlantis crew arrived at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida Thursday to begin final preparations for mission STS-115. Flying T-38 trainer jets, the astronauts landed at the Shuttle Landing Facility at 11:30 a.m. EDT. The Atlantis crew members have been trainned for 4 years and set a record! They should have done this mission more than 3 years ago but the Columbia disaster put off the mission.
They are going to install the P3/P4 integrated truss and a second set of solar arrays on the space station, doubling the station’s current ability to generate power from sunlight and adding 17.5 tons to its mass.
The Atlantis crew launches at 10.30a.m. EDT, 29 hours from now. To know more about the crew members, please kindly visit NASA.
Do you feel sad or happy about the decision? I don’t.
Both Pluto and Charon were supposed to be planets under the defination proposed on 16 August 2006. However, the IAU meeting on 24 August 2006 demoted Pluto as a dwarf planet. As the Pluto and Charon occupy the region with other objects, ie. Pluto doesn’t dominate the region like the 8 planets do.
The objects in the Solar System are categorized into 3 groups:
Planets: From Mercury to Neptune
Dwarf Planets: Pluto and any other round object that “has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and is not a satellite.”
Small Solar System Bodies: All other objects orbiting the Sun.
If you are not satisfied with this decision, you may go to “Live vote: Where do you stand on Pluto”. I am not sure whether it works.
To master your imaging platform, you’ll have to know the resolution of your setup. Why should we bother about this? Let’s say, if your setup’s resolution is sub arcsec/pixel (measurement unit for resolution), you need a very stable mount, usually a high end German Equatorial Mount (GEM), for this. As the higher the resolution is (the lower the value of the resolution), any minor defect is easily seen. However, you are able to take high resolution images which are always honoured.
To calculate the resolution, follow the formula:
Resolution (arcsecond) = [CCD Pixel Size (micron) ÷ FL (mm)] * 206
Credit to Webfoot at Cloudy Nights forum for providing this formula. 
Right: New QHY2 case
Yes, I am going to get QHY2 as an imager specially for deep sky imaging. QHY2 is designed by Dr.Qiu Hong Yun, a PhD of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument from Beijing Tsing Hua University.
What makes me choose this over Meade DSI II? Let me reveal it when I have it in my hand. 
The CCD of QHY2 is changeable. Therefore, it’s possible for you to opt a higher sentivity monochrome CCD with filter wheel and filters. Now, I’m going to get it with the original colour CCD. It’s the ICX412, a Sony Super HAD CCD that has 3.3 mega pixels in 1/1.8″ CCD array. Its pixel size is 3.45*3.45 which is small enough to tame the short focal length telescope.
(Hey wait, mine is a long one.. Got to get a focal reducer!)
I will do a review on this imager once I have received it, the estimated arrival time is October May June 07. QHY is designing a new case. The new case is done. It’s the one at the right on the picture above.
Continue reading ‘New Imager: QHY2′
One of the subgroups in International Astronomical Union (IAU) has now defined a new defination for Planet. If most of the positive votes go to this defination on 24 August in the meeting in Prague
(1) A planet is a celestial body that (a) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, and (b) is in orbit around a star, and is neither a star nor a satellite of a planet. Make it simple, it’s the object must be in orbit around a star, while not being itself a star and the object must be large enough (or more technically correct, massive enough) for its own gravity to pull it into a nearly spherical shape.
(2) We distinguish between the eight classical planets discovered before 1900, which move in nearly circular orbits close to the ecliptic plane, and other planetary objects in orbit around the Sun. All of these other objects are smaller than Mercury. We recognize that Ceres is a planet by the above scientific definition. For historical reasons, one may choose to distinguish Ceres from the classical planets by referring to it as a “dwarf planet.â€
(3) We recognize Pluto to be a planet by the above scientific definition, as are one or more recently discovered large Trans-Neptunian Objects. In contrast to the classical planets, these objects typically have highly inclined orbits with large eccentricities and orbital periods in excess of 200 years. We designate this category of planetary objects, of which Pluto is the prototype, as a new class that we call “plutonsâ€.
(4) All non-planet objects orbiting the Sun shall be referred to collectively as “Small Solar System Bodiesâ€.
However, many are not satisfied with this defination. There is rumour that Moon will most likely be another planet as Moon orbits the Sun in a wobbly way just like the Earth wobbles around the Sun due to the Moon’s proximity. Therefore, Earth and Moon maybe another double planets.
Wouldn’t it be nice if the sun you saw through your solar telescope had the equator labeled and the poles marked? A new computer program from Les Cowley can help you sort out solar geography. It’s called TiltingSun.
You may download it here
Before this, the bottom of the LCD over the whole horizontal was bright even at level 3 brightness. I contacted Dell support three days before regarding this issue. After I sent the photo to prove that there was light leakage, they sent a technician to me.
A Dell technician has just replaced my screen. He is Din, a professional enginner. I stood beside him watching his quick dissembling show. I would say it’s really interesting. Don’t worry, I have captured the process!
Continue reading ‘640M’s Light Leakage Is Reduced’
Continuing the Pros and Cons of DSLR Astrophotography, Pros and Cons of CCD Imager is here. The chip of the DSLR is not as great as the specially designed CCD imager’s chip. Let’s look at its speciality!
Cooling system
Operating the imager under low temperature allows you to easily capture a library of fixed-temperature dark frames always needed in serious astrophotography.
Left: SBIG’s STL11000M
Noise is also significantly reduced becaused of the low temperature. There is a form of cooling called TEP (Thermo-Electric Power) fixing the temperature at a certain degree kevin. This is the best cooling system ever used.
Continue reading ‘Pros and Cons of CCD Imager’
NASA finds direct proof of dark matter by observing this cosmic collision.
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